What Is DTR Structure, Materials, Estimation With Example

July 23, 2020November 23, 2022 CS Electrical And Electronics

Hello Guys, welcome back to our blog. In this article, we will discuss what is DTR structure, the materials that are used in a double pole distribution transformer, and the estimation of the distribution transformer.

If you have any electrical, electronics, and computer science doubts, then ask questions. You can also catch us on Instagram – CS Electrical & Electronics.

Also, read:

DTR Structure

First, I will list some main materials used in the double pole DTR structure.

Lightning Arrestors
11KV Horn Gap Fuse
GOS (Gange Operating Switch)
Distribution Transformer
LT Metering Box
Earthing System

The double-pole dtr structure is constructed using two poles, some horizontal cross-arms, clamps, nuts, and bolts.

Now we will tell you, leaving construction materials what are the other materials used in the DP structure?

First, I will tell you what is the purpose of the DP structure or distribution transformer structure,

The function of the DP structure is to step down the incoming voltage i.e., of 11 KV to 440 volts (three phases) or 230 volts (single-phase).

The materials used in the DP structure are :

1. Lightning Arresters

11 KV class lightning arrestors are used and lightning arrestors are fixed at the top of the DP structure as you can see in the above image. The function of the lightning arrestor is to protect the transformer from lightning tenders. When lightning occurs and falls on the structure the lightning arrestor transfers lightning stocks to the ground and thus protects the transformer. A total of three lightning arrestors are provided.

2. Fuse

As you can see the fuse in the above image, is called a horn gap fuse for the protection of the transformer from overload and short circuit current. When overhead occurs on the ht line (11KV line), the fuse will isolate the circuit and thus protect the transformer.

3. GOS

As you can see in the above image, it is called GOS or Gange operating switch.

The purpose of the gange operating switch is to isolate the circuit during repair conditions, By using the gange operating switch at a time all the lines can be disconnected.

4. Distribution Transformer

The main purpose of the transformer is to step down the voltage from 11 KV to 440 volts ( three phases) or 230 volts (single-phase).

How to Calculate the Rating of Distribution Transformer

Q. Select a suitable transformer for an Industrial area. The load conditions are as follows :

a. Available voltage = 11 KV
b. Lighting load = 10 KW
c. Demand factor = 0.7
d. Required voltage = 440/230 volts
e. Industrial load = 50 KW at 0.8 PF
f. Diversity factor = 1.46

Solution :

Total connected load

= Lighting load + Industrial load

= (10 × 1) ÷ pf + (50 ×1) ÷ pf

= 10 + 62.5

= 72.5

Maximum demand

= Connected load × Demand factor

= 72.5 × 0.7

= 50.75 say 50 KVA

The required capacity of the transformer

= Maximum demand / Diversity factor

= 50 / 1.46

= 34.246 or say 34 KVA

Allowance for future expansion at 20 % of the required capacity

= 34 × 0.2

= 7 KVA

Hence capacity of the transformer = 34 + 7 = 41

(41 KVA, 11 KV/440 V 3 -phase is not available)

Market availability = 50 KVA

Therefore, a transformer of 50 KVA, 11 KV/440 V, 3-phase delta-star, 50 Hz is selected.

Q. A small workshop has the following load to find the transformer capacity required.

a. A 1 HP, 400 V, 3-phase for drilling machine
b. A 1/2 HP, 230 V, single phase for Grinding machine
c. A 3 HP, 400 V, 3-phase motor for lathe machined
d. A 5 KVA, 230 V, welding transformer.
e. A milling machine 5 HP, 400 V, 3-phase
f. A power Backsaw, 3 HP, 400 V, 3-phase.
g. Two power sockets
h. Lamp loads – 25 points
i. Ceiling fans – 15 nos
j. Two numbers, high-pressure mercury vapor lamps of 500 W, 1-phase, 230 V, 50 Hz, supply.

Calculate the total connected load. If the demand factor is 0.6 and the diversity factor is 1 %.

Solution :

(a) All three-phase motor loads 12 Hp assuming Pf 0.8 and efficiency 85 %

Therefore, VA = (HP × 735.5) ÷ (efficiency × Pf)

= (12 × 735.5) ÷ (0.85 × 0.8) = 7853 VA

(b) Taking all single-phase loads :

Power sockets – 2 × 1000 = 2000 w

Lamps – 25 × 40 = 1000 w

Ceiling fans – 15 × 80 = 1200 w

Mercury vapour lamps – 500 × 2 = 1000 w

1/2 HP Grinder – (05 × 735.5) ÷ (0.8 × 0.6)

= 766 / 5966 (efficiency = 08 & Pf = 0.6)

(c) 5 KVA welding transformer – 5000 VA

The total load in VA

= 7853 + 5966 + 5000

= 18819 VA

= 18.819 KVA

Actual demand

= connected load × demand factor

= 18.819 × 0.6

= 11.2914 KVA

The required capacity of the transformer

= Actual demand/diversity factor

= 11.2914 / 1.10

= 10 KVA

Allowance for future expansion at 25 % of the required capacity

= 10 × 1.25

= 12.83 KVA.

Market availability = 15 KVA

Hence, a transformer of 15 KVA, 11 KV/440 V, 3-phase delta-star, 50 Hz is selected.

5. LT Metering Box

LT metering box consists of some relays, meters, etc. LT metering box will be placed at the bottom of the structure.

6. Earthing System

A total of three no of earthing will be provided for the DP structure, one earth will be connected to the lightning arrester, another earthing will be connected to the transformer neutral, and the third earthing will be connected to all the parts of the DP structure.

All the earthing are also interconnected to each other.

So, guys, these are some materials that are used in the double pole dtr structure.

Tags: What Is DTR Structure, Materials, Calculation, DTR Structure, double pole DTR structure, How to calculate the rating of a transformer, double pole DTR structure, pole-mounted substation.

Also, read: